Archive for April, 2008

Of Arrogance and Humility

13 comments Written on April 15th, 2008 by
Categories: Commentary
Sometimes a online page pisses me off. Like when I dug into Ajit Dayal in my "Dishonest Truths" post. A little harshly, no doubt. I don't harbour any enemity for the likes of Ajit, who seems to be honestly trying to help people, but sometimes everyone needs to get off their pedestal.

Some other times, like now, I feel the need to point out where some people have been wrong, both in hindsight and attitude. Today's focus is Ramit Sethi's "Chicken Little and Kooks Who Don’t Know What They’re Talking About", where Ramit exchanges emails with someone who was supposed to be "Chicken Little" - a person who predicts doomsday all the time, and ignores reality.

Now remember this is Feb 2007, a year back and before our entire subprime crisis came to light. The author, a 27 year old woman, is described as Chicken Little for making such statements.

I expect that this coming spring real estate season is going to be very painful for a lot of people, with the median sale price finally dropping as the cash-back lending scam is exposed to the light of day. (It’s already being exposed in AZ, which had one of the worst bubbles in the country in Phoenix.)

...

Here is a pretty hard-and-fast prediction: food prices are going up. Wheat production has dropped in favor of corn for ethanol, there was a freeze in California and a freeze is coming Florida, ravaging vegetable crops. In the mean time, with the savings rate flat instead of negative, as HELOCs go away, there are going to be a lot of Americans who look at the high price of eating out and just say no (or seek bargains).

...

Wall street: insiders say that everyone is in lalala denial mode, trying to get another quarter or year of profit before the shit hits the fan. For example, Bernanke right now has the power to unleash a bloodbath in the bond market (which is in bubble mode), but so far has hung back… However, that may be out of his hands by the time 2007 is over if Congress becomes deeply involved in credit tightening due to failed banks and Joe Sixpack anger over liar loans, suicide loans, rising ARMs, etc.

...

And Ramit Sethi's response to it, although he seems to be a smart person capable of understanding and probing each of the points above:
PLEASE STOP MAKING STUPID GRAND GEOPOLITICAL ANALYSES THAT YOU THINK WILL AFFECT YOUR MONEY. PLEASE!!!

There are more important things to worry about. Are you saving enough? I’m willing to bet $100 right now that the people who make these handwavy arguments haven’t maxed out their retirement accounts, properly allocated their portfolio, and diversified. In fact, I bet these arguments are simply a misguided excuse to do nothing.

The people who make these kind of broad, sweeping statements (”The looming currency crisis will render retirement accounts worthless!!!”) are so far off base that I don’t even try to educate them. But they’re dangerous because they know enough buzzwords to convince novices that they might possibly be right–so, of course, they better hoard their money and do nothing because it’s too unsafe to invest!!!

...

If you hear this kind of stupid, kooky reasoning from someone, call them out on it. If they think investing is so risky, what are they doing instead? What evidence do they have that their strategy will work? How do they explain away the last 70+ years of success in the stock market? What about the benefits of tax-free and tax-deferred growth (i.e., through Roth IRAs and 401(k)s?). How about the thousands of peer-reviewed research articles and hard data supporting sensible, long-term investing? Press them hard and watch their arguments fall apart. And remember: You can worry about the world’s political situation and the commodity price of salt in Hong Kong, or you can be constructively concerned with how to maximize your savings rate, how to live below your means, and how to invest for long-term growth to achieve your goals. Which one is more manageable?

Ramit blows his top, but look at the facts. Nearly everything Ms. "Little" said has come true, and her warnings should have been heeded. Especially by someone who says he wants to make you rich.

You see what gets me is the attitude that for heavens sake, stop your bullshit and listen to my bullshit because my bullshit is tested for 70 years. This is such a dumb attitude I don't know where to begin to take apart. Firstly, there is no tested rule that the stock markets always make money over 70 years compared to inflation, because we don't have enough of a bloody history to go around. First rule of statistics is to not make assumptions based on not-enough-data-points. Nearly every study that points to this kind of conclusion takes OVERLAPPING years. That's like saying, every five year period in Indian stock markets makes money because I tested 2000 to 2005, then 2001 to 2006, then 2002 to to 2007.

Second, there were long period of inactivity in the stock markets. In the US, the years of 1974 to 82 were net negative - and had you invested, honestly, nicely, every year from 1966 to 1982, a good 16 years, you would have ended up with A LOSS COMPARED TO INFLATION.

See that? That's 16 good years of your life that could be wiped out because I'm sorry we forgot to inform you that this is the worst period of that 70 year good stock market theory. 16 years, which are literally most of the saving years of most individuals, and we should keep investing anyway because it worked for some other 70 years.

Third, nearly everything this woman said has come true. Real estate has gone down in the US. Oh, well, everywhere. Banks are hosed. Lending is hosed. Commodities are up. Even if you didn't like what she said, it made sense to probe and see if there was something in there worth listening to. Telling people to invest anyhow in the stock markets is a ridiculous thing to do. It makes sense to change allocation based on what is happening around you - and it does make sense to stop investing when you know there is a drop coming around.

Having said all of this, Ramit does have a point: that if you only think about this and do not actually invest in anything, that is stupid. But don't go maxing your retirement account allocation to equity just because someone tells you equity has bloody worked. Because I know one 16 year situation where it has bloody not. And if the situation now looks bleak it might just be the next 16 which are scary. If you don't keep your eyes open for data points that may spell doom, and make yourself aware of how you would react to such a situation - you are living in a dream.

People who invested in Arvind mills in 1992 are still down 80% from their highs. Gazillion other stocks are extinct since those days. Remember Global Trust Bank, Onida Savak Limited, Parasrampuria Synthetics? Okay, you don't, because you weren't there. Sorry but I can't tell people to keep themselves invested regardless of downside - keep a stop loss, and get the hell out when you're hit. Remember you can't predict what the future will hold, but you can definely prepare for your reaction.

It's always good to admit you're wrong. So be as arrogant as you want when you get in. And be as humble as you can when you get out.

Orchid Up 16%, and Mudra’s on a roll as well

1 Comment » Written on April 15th, 2008 by
Categories: Mudra, OrchidChem, Stocks
Orchid Chem is up 16% at Rs. 287 today. This is quite a spectacular move, for a stock I'd only written about yesterday. (Read: The Orchid Saga, Still Worth a Dekho)

Orchid F&O is now at 69% of the market wide limit. At 95%, there will be no further positions allowed.

Note: I am long since 206. I have now converted my position into a call option, thus limiting my downside risk, and booking profits to a certain extent.

Mudra Lifestyle, which I'd bought at the 36 levels (Read: Mudra Lifestyle, a Stock Idea) is now up to Rs. 43. My target is Rs. 72+ so I continue to hold.

Very interesting moves. Both of the above stocks have moved over 15% in the last two weeks - Orchid going up nearly 50%. The Nifty is up about 4% since.

Infy Q4-2008 results are out.

1 Comment » Written on April 15th, 2008 by
Categories: Infosys, Stocks
Infy Q4 2008 results are out.

Sales are 4235 cr. (up from 3555 cr. last year same quarter, nearly 20% up). A QOQ increase of around 5%.

Net Profit is 1182 cr. (up from 1124 cr. last year, a 5% increase). QoQ the profit has been stagnant - last quarter was 1186 cr.

EPS has gone up to 20.66, from 19.96, which is a 3% increase or thereabouts. If you're wondering why profit growth is greater than EPS growth, it means further dilution has happened due to more shares issued, which is through ESOPS in this case. Diluted EPS has actually grown around 5%, from 19.61 to 20.60.

Consolidated results: Sales 4542 cr. (up about 22% from 3772 cr. last year), Net Profit 1249 cr. (from 1144 cr., a 10% increase) and EPS up to 21.78 from 19.95, a 4% increase.

I would think this is fairly low, and initially I thought it was under the guidance of Rs. 21.38 per share but I was looking at standalone results. At a consolidated level they have beaten the guidance by a bit, but still, the picture is not impressive.

EPS for the year is Rs. 81.26, up from 67.59 last year. That's around 20.22% growth.

At current prices of 1420 the P/E is 17.47. That may sound low, but let's look at their guidance before we decide. More to come.

The Orchid Saga: Still Worth A Dekho

5 comments Written on April 13th, 2008 by
Categories: OrchidChem, Stocks
Orchid Chemicals has had a very exciting 2008.

First in January the big crash took Orchid Chem with it, from the highs of 320+ down to the 240 levels. After hanging around there for a couple months, with some drama in the middle - a 20% drop in Feb 2009 included, the stock tanked 40% in a single day on March 17th, 2008.

Turned out the Bear Stearns fiasco had taken Orchid Chem with it - Bear owned a significant chunk of shares which were offloaded at "whatever they get us" prices. Which also resulted in the promoters selling off 7% of their stakes, because of margin calls.

Promoters and margin calls? Something shady, one thinks? It's not quite that, as it seems the promoters held very little of Orchid anyhow. K.Raghavendra Rao, the big boy of the episode, and the promoter group held only 14% - to throw out any unwanted hostile takeovers, Rao bought 7 more percent and pledged the shares with Religare and Indiabulls. The pledged shares are checked for price everyday - and if they fall below a certain value the promoters needed to come up with more "margin" money to cover the loss. The Bear Stearns sale took the price below the threshold and Rao couldn't come up with the margins - so the brokerages sold the shares. Rao now owes other institutions 65 crores, and is repenting for his act.

So the share fell further, down to 106 levels a few days later. This is when it looked extremely attractive to me - heck, trailing 4 quarter EPS is 29 bucks! At a P/E of 4 and a growth rate of well above 30% a year, this looked good. But you never catch a falling knife, so strength would decide the fate.

Since then the share has had a mighty recovery. In just a few days the stock closed in on 160, and then zoomed up to 240 levels. The funda: Solrex Pharma, supposedly a Ranbaxy promoter company, picked up a huge stake in the company. The stock went up to 245, and then retreated a little when Ranbaxy flatly denied a hostile takeover attempt.

But in two days, in which a lot of speculators would have gone bankrupt from the abrupt moves, the stock was back at 245 or so - with Solrex acquiring nearly 15% of Orchid. Any more would trigger an open offer for Orchid, for another 20%.

Now how does this pan out?

  • Rao doesn't want to be acquired. That's what he says, but he's 65 crores in the negative and just got margin called for a lot of money.
  • Rao has warrants - 50 lakh of them. The company has around 6.5 lakh shares out there, and these 50 lakh shares will give him another 7% or so. But for them, he has to fork out another 90 crores, which, if he's just paid out on a margin call, he is unlikely to have on himself.
  • He could of course find someone nice to give him the money, but in this business, no one is nice without strings attached. He'll use the Telugu card (he seems to have, by getting Apollo's Reddy to help him keep control) - and that is not surprising, because we have even seen Tata help Wadia on a Parsi card. Still, there will be strings.
  • The warrants are valid only till August 2008 or so, but I'm sure this stuff will unravel by then.
  • There is also another huge dilution - $200 million of FCCBs convertible at Rs. 348 per share.
  • Solrex is a promoter company, not Ranbaxy itself. So no assumptions can be made of a Ranbaxy acquisition.
  • The stock is still cheap. Considering the massive dilution fully, including the warrants, we come to an EPS of 22, for which the last price of Rs. 245 is only a P/E of 11. That is much lower than other Pharma companies.
  • There is the issue of debt - nearly 700 cr. apart from the FCCBs. Still, that's not a big deal, as after FCCB conversion the debt-equity ratio will be around 0.5 or so. Till then there will be lots of screaming that no, there is big debt and so on.
  • FI's have pledged their support to Rao, and Macquarie Bank even bought more shares recently. Still, I think they would be happy with a Ranbaxy acquisition, as the combined strength will be very very attractive.
  • If there is an end-game, it is likely to take the stock above the 350 levels. That's a 40% upside from here.
Problems: What if there is derivatives exposure? I don't know. They will have some forex losses this quarter from the FCCB, as the dollar has appreciated against the rupee this quarter. I just hope they haven't speculated on the forex, and they have denied it. Rao may be troubled, but I don't believe he's dishonest.

Okay big time disclosure: I am long on this stock. I still hold as there is a lot of upside potentially.

What's my target? 350 is reasonable, and this is a momentum story so the time frame is three months or less. There is a good margin of safety.

On the lighter side, I hope this doesn't turn out like this kind of Orchid.

Currency Futures May Be Here Soon

1 Comment » Written on April 9th, 2008 by
Categories: Commentary
From Mint:
The government could soon allow exchange-traded futures contracts on the rupee-dollar exchange rate in an effort to provide companies with a transparent and simple way of hedging their foreign exchange exposure. The move comes in the wake of losses several firms have incurred on account of buying complex derivatives products, or “exotics”, and the resultant legal battle between them and the banks that sold these products. Trading on rupee-dollar contracts will be allowed on existing exchanges and will be governed by the capital market regulator, Securities and Exchange Board of India, or Sebi, said a government official familiar with the developments who did not wish to be named.

The official added that this would be extended to other currencies too.

Yay. We will then have a USD-INR product to trade, and perhaps hedge against exposure. It will be useful for speculation as well, and to hedge personal exposure. Imagine that your company gives you stock options in the US market but the dollar is getting flushed down the toilet, you can lock your gains by taking a call option on the USD (you get minimum so many rupees to a USD). But for that the options should allow expiry dates that are reasonably long, say six months to a year or more.

Apart from that, there's the ability to invest abroad (upto $200,000 per person per year) and then hedge that exposure with the rupee.

We're starting to get somewhere but not very far. Nifty introduced a "VIX" (a volatility index) which has been useful abroad. But there are no tradeable products (futures or options) on it so there's not much use of this info right now. Hopefully we will get VIX based futures and options as well. Once it comes I will write a post on how to use it to trade options. But we're starting to get somewhere, and I hope we continue and get better.

Black Money Cushioning Real Estate

9 comments Written on April 6th, 2008 by
Categories: RealEstate
Swaminathan writes:
But Indian borrowers do not walk away from their homes — and loans — if prices dip. This is because a large proportion, often half, of almost all home purchases is paid in black money. If a house is sold for Rs 100 lakh, the official registered value will typically be only Rs 50 lakh, with the balance paid under the table in cash.

A bank may loan Rs 50 lakh, covering the entire formal price. However, the owner's contribution is not zero: he has paid Rs 50 lakh in black. To preserve that black investment, he will keep paying his installments even if house prices dip.

...

The reason is that banks enjoy, without asking for it, a huge safety margin provided by the black money invested by every home owner. To preserve this black investment, borrowers will do their level best not to default and lose their property. Ironically, black money enforces loan discipline in India, far more effectively than formal contracts or legal processes.

This very black money also acts as a cushion for price falls. What seems to be happening (entirely hearsay) is that as home prices come down in India, sellers are looking for a lower "black" component. The "white" part - the actual registered value of the house - remains the same. Two good things come out of it.

One, lowering the black component requires less hoarding, saving etc. Black money needs to be hidden from the government for obvious reasons, so it tends to be in rupee bills. Hiding bills in your mattress etc. is of little use, because there is a fear that someone else may rob you. So people have done things like take a loan on insurance policies paid in cash, bought dollars in cash etc. - but the government has plugged most, if not all, of these loopholes through PAN requirements or KYC norms. The other options are buying gold or to put cash in bank lockers, which isn't very helpful either, because gold has a huge price (which can be higher than paying the tax!). Even storage is seemingly safe locations has risks, as noted by a man whose money was eaten by termites. (Hat Tip: Madhu Menon) Heck, even the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi had his money eaten by rats. (From a conversation with Nitin Pai)

He refused to accept checks from the oil companies, at first kept his cash under his bed. When the bedsprings began to bulge, he had the cash carted to a palace dungeon. It was only after rats began nibbling at the treasure chests and insects started eating the folding money that Shakhbut reluctantly agreed to accept the principle of banking.
Two, the registrars and the income tax department are unlikely to probe further. A reduction in the "white" component necessitates a lower registration value, which can be construed by the registrar or the IT department (to which the registrar must file all registrations above Rs. 30 lakh in value) as a ploy to avoid paying income tax or stamp duty. A subsequent probe might unveil any black money, on which there is the liability of a huge penalty, tax and all sorts of criminal charges.

The by-product of the reduction of the "black" component is affordability. If you liked a house and it listed at Rs. 75 lakh, of which you could put up 15 and get the remaining 60 lakhs as a loan, you would be tempted to buy the property. But if the seller demanded half the money in cash, you would need 37.5 lakhs in cash, and then a further down payment of say Rs. 7.5 lakhs for the registered value of the house, and then a loan of 30 lakhs.

That means you needed to have 45 lakhs to buy a 75 lakh house, a 60%+ down payment which is very unsustainable. The IT/BPO managers, the highly salaried employees of large organisations get all their money in "white" - meaning, all taxes are prepaid. They may qualify for higher loans, but putting in 60% down is simply beyond reach. As the black component comes down, more such people can afford real estate and therefore there is an intermediate cushion.

Is then my view that the real estate bust is over? Hardly. We still have way too much supply compared to demand, even if this black component goes to zero. (which it has, when you buy from most established builders today) There is little, if any real estate available for the lower-middle class, and there lies the largest demand. Real estate companies would rather hoard land than give in to lower middle class development; not just because of lower margins (must sell more flats for the same overall area and less price per flat). It also is a community thing - build one such tenement and you will find the entire area branded as such and therefore no high margin "luxury" development can happen there. Local developers will stoop to any levels to prevent that happening.

This is stupid, apart from being unfair. There is way too much luxury supply so anything new in that level makes things even more unprofitable. And if you have an area with only luxury apartments, where do the staff live? (Most Indian "luxury" households have an entourage of personal staff, from chauffeurs to maids to baby-sitters to odd-job-errand-runners).

I hope this brings to builders some sense that lower income housing is as important and the lower margin creates wealth in the long term. Plus, we don't want to see some people left behind, do we - speaking politically, that is a nightmare you don't want. When the lower income people - the real voters if you may - feel left behind only one thing happens. Increased regulation and cost across the board, which makes sure EVERYONE is left behind. Suffering is a great leveller.

BHEL: Results Out, Nothing Spectacular To Report

4 comments Written on April 3rd, 2008 by
Categories: BHEL, Stocks
I'd mentioned BHEL around April 2 last year, when they announced fairly good results. Today they announced their provisional results.

The EPS growth is only about 20%, from 49.3 to 57.5. Their order inflow was 35,000 cr. and is now at 50,000 cr. The book must be quite a bit more, around 60,000 cr. The current price of Rs. 1800 gives them a P/E of 30.

I don't think it's worth a buy. Why? My original assessment had some valid and invalid assumptions:

  • They would do around 22,000 cr. in revenue. (Sorta achieved)
  • They would grow at 30% on EPS this year (not so. EPS Growth only 20%)
  • Order book growth would increase revenue this year (not so, revenue stayed at 22K cr. Means they are at full capacity)
The overall target of Rs. 2900 in 2012 (5800 divided by 2 for bonus) probably still stands at an averaged growth of 20% a year on EPS. That gives you a Rs. 1,100 return on a 1,800 investment, which is about 60% return in four years, or about 12.5% annualised. At that rate I would not rate it high enough to be a stock pick - in fact I have my doubts about whether it would outperform the Nifty from here. (Nifty's P/E is 20 today)

Not much to report, but interesting to see where I was right and wrong. I got into this stock at 2300 (1150 post bonus) and exited at 1650 or so, a 44% profit in four months. BHEL went phenomenally up since then and reached nearly 2800 - I missed all of that ride - and then fell back to today's 1800 levels. It was not a momentum pick for me when I saw it, it was based on fundamentals, so I don't particularly mind missing the upside (in fact my momentum portfolio gave me a similar upside return). I don't like to show off - it's not my style - but it's heartening to know that some convictions were on the dot. Where I was wrong was in not recognising the force of the (temporary) momentum on power stocks - but who's to predict that? Archives:

Old Is Gold But ETFs Are Better Gold

10 comments Written on April 3rd, 2008 by
Categories: Gold
From Prerna Katiyar, in an ET Article:
Unfortunately, most of us think quite like Mr Gupta. That is, if we had purchased gold at, say, Rs 10,000 (per 10 gm) and if today it has touched Rs 13,500, it’s a clear cut 35% gain, no matter from where we bought it and what is the purity level, only to be wronged when we actually go to sell the yellow metal in the market. Gold is trading at an all-time high of $1,000-plus an ounce in the international market and has touched the 13,500-mark in the domestic market. This is encouraging people to liquidate their possessions, just like Mr Gupta. Few jewellers even claim that in the past few months, they have seen more people coming to sell gold rather than buying it.

There are some misconceptions as to buying gold. The common one being that a person wouldn’t be duped by ‘his own’ jeweller just because he has been buying gold from the shop for a long time. Take the case of Ms Anamika Singh who had purchased a gold chain (billed for 22 carat) from their ‘old common’ jeweller in her vicinity. Recently when she got the gold chain’s purity checked by a caratage machine, it was just 18 carat — a loss of 18%, it’s like paying Rs 100 for Rs 82.

According to a Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) 2006 survey, 90% of non-Hallmarked jewellery failed the purity test. In few instances, the shortage of purity was as high as 45%.

...

Speak to most of the non-Hallmarked jewellers, and we find that it’s common to deduct anywhere between 10% to as high as 25% from the total market value.

Buying gold at a jeweller (in the form of jewellery) is horrendously irrational. Because:
  • They'll sell you lower purity than they say.
  • They'll charge you "making charges", a substantial sum, plus "wastage", which is overinflated. [From my experience of selling software to a jeweller]
  • When you want to sell, they'll buy back only at the lower purity level, and then charge you a further 20% discount.
Buying raw gold must be useful then?
  • If you buy from a jeweller without the BIS mark, you may get impure gold.
  • If you buy BIS marked gold, the jeweller may charge you high costs for buying it back.
  • If you buy from a bank, the bank will NOT buy it back. You then have to go to a jeweller who will charge you big money.
  • And if you buy it, you have to store it somewhere and you have the risk of robbery. Security then costs you some maintenance charge.
This increasingly leads me to believe that buying Gold ETFs is a better thing to do. You can buy and sell very close to the current market price.

How to buy? In your online brokerage site, you can choose the symbol GoldBEES in NSE (there are Kotak, Quantum and Reliance Gold ETFs too) and buy. (You can also tell your broker if you have an offline account) Prices are linked to 1 or 1/2 gram of gold, in rupees.

The underlying gold is stored carefully by the ETF issuer and they take care of security etc. You don't have to worry about purity, the issuer guarantees it. And if you need to have physical gold, just sell the units and buy gold in the market. The difference is not likely to be much.